WHAT IS DOMESTIC VIOLENCE?
Power To Choose defines domestic violence/abuse as an incident or pattern of incidents of controlling, coercive, threatening, degrading and violent behaviour, including sexual violence which can be perpetuated from one member of a domestic household to another member thereby including domestic house workers, children and adults within the household.
According to Violence Against Persons Act 2015, Domestic violence/abuse can include, but is not limited to, the following:
- Coercive control (a pattern of intimidation, degradation, isolation and control with the use or threat of physical or sexual violence) – Sec 1 (1), Sec 2 (1), Sec 3, Sec 4 (1), Sec 18 (1),
- Psychological and/or emotional abuse – Sec 5 (1), Sec 14 (1), Sec 13 (1), Sec 6 (1)
- Physical abuse – Sec 4 (1), Sec 10 (1), Sec 19 (1) – this sec is for spousal battery, Sec 6 (1) etc.
- Sexual abuse – Sec 1 (1), Sec 5 (1),
- Financial abuse – Sec 11 (1), Sec 12 (1),
- Harassment & Stalking – Sec 17 (1),
- Harmful Traditional Practice – Sec 20 (1), Sec 15 (1),
- Abandonment of Spouse, Children and other dependant without sustenance – Sec 16 (1)
As the face of domestic violence is gradually changing as women are been emancipated in speaking for themselves, it is the time to render services that are victim focused rather than gender focused. It is important to highlight that women remains disproportionately more victims than men however the number of male victims are rising and efforts must be made to avoid creating a community of survival of the fitness. The Nigeria Constitution is a powerful tool that might be seen as an encouragement in female abuse as women under some sections of Nigerian Constitution are not allowed to perform some tasks in the community for instance women cannot bail anybody out of prison in Nigeria.
Within the Igbo culture the leadership structure is very oppressive to women as women are not allowed within its leadership structure. This has the ability to encourage abuse from men to women as women are perceived as unequal. The dowry system has its contribution in encouraging abuse or violence towards women as women are seen as commodity that were paid for. Women themselves have to lead in eradicating some of the practices they (women) practice that promotes abuse and violence towards themselves like female Genital Mutilation, traditional practices towards widows etc.
It is the position of Power To Choose to highlight a domestic violence/abuse towards domestic workers who most of the time are children under the age of 18 years. The level of abuse towards this target group is very high and many adults (particularly women) within the Igbo community are perpetrators of this abuse towards their domestic workers although some are more serious than others hence the interest of Power To Choose towards such high profile cases of abuse or violence towards child house helpers.